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| ===Historical names and etymology=== | | ===Historical names and etymology=== |
| The earliest known name of the Black Sea is the Sea of Zalpa, so called by both the Hattians <ref>The Journal of Indo-European Studies, p.79. United States, n.p, 1985. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QaMYAAAAYAAJ Google Books]</ref> and their conquerors the [[Hittites]]. The Hattic city of [[Zalpuwa|Zalpa]] was “situated probably at or near the estuary of the Marrassantiya River, the modern [[Kızılırmak River|Kızıl Irmak]], on the Black Sea coast.”<ref>Burney, Charles. Historical Dictionary of the Hittites, p.333. United States, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2018. [https://books.google.com/books?id=YRhbDwAAQBAJ Google Books].</ref> | | The earliest known name of the Black Sea is the Sea of Zalpa, so called by both the Hattians <ref>The Journal of Indo-European Studies, p.79. United States, n.p, 1985. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QaMYAAAAYAAJ Google Books]</ref> and their conquerors the Hittites. The Hattic city of Zalpa was “situated probably at or near the estuary of the Marrassantiya River, the modern [[Kızılırmak River|Kızıl Irmak]], on the Black Sea coast.”<ref>Burney, Charles. Historical Dictionary of the Hittites, p.333. United States, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2018. [https://books.google.com/books?id=YRhbDwAAQBAJ Google Books].</ref> |
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| The principal [[Greek language|Greek]] name ''Póntos Áxeinos'' is generally accepted to be a rendering of the [[Iranian languages|Iranian]] word {{lang|ira|*axšaina-}} ("dark coloured").{{sfn|Schmitt|1989|pages=310–313}} Ancient Greek voyagers adopted the name as {{lang|grc-Latn|Á-xe(i)nos}}, identified with the Greek word {{lang|grc-Latn|áxeinos}} (inhospitable).{{sfn|Schmitt|1989|pages=310–313}} The name {{lang|grc|Πόντος Ἄξεινος}} {{transliteration|grc|ISO|''Póntos Áxeinos''}} (Inhospitable Sea), first attested in [[Pindar]] ({{circa|475 BC}}), was considered an ill omen and was euphemized to its opposite, {{lang|grc|Εὔξεινος Πόντος}} {{transliteration|grc|ISO|''Eúxeinos Póntos''}} (Hospitable Sea), also first attested in Pindar. This became the commonly used designation in Greek, although in mythological contexts the "true" name {{lang|grc-Latn|Póntos Áxeinos}} remained favoured.{{sfn|Schmitt|1989|pages=310–313}}
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