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CERN, Large Hadron Collider: Difference between revisions
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*Coordinates: 46°14′03″N 6°03′10″E | *Coordinates: 46°14′03″N 6°03′10″E | ||
The term CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory, which during 2013 had 2,513 staff members, and hosted some 12,313 fellows, associates, apprentices as well as visiting scientists and engineers | CERN is colliding protons near the speed of light, 99.999% after accelerating them in the main ring, where they collide them in four different detectors; the ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, and LHCb. These sensors take snapshots of these collisions, which measure the energy and magnetic forces produced by these collisions. The detectors determine the spin and the angle of momentum as well. | ||
The particles travel in opposite directions as beams of protons, which CERN is currently using. The two beams become very compact when they travel through the collimators located on the detectors, which are then squeezed down into a very tight focus. One Million times thinner than a human hair moving in bunches through two separate vacuumed pipes. The Bunches are spaced out 25 nanoseconds apart, comprised of a billion or several billion protons in each bunch with millions of groups. Those beams of protons are very fragile, so they need to keep the integrity of these beams. The LHS uses superconducting magnets steer the beams in a circle, keep it dead center while compressing them and maximizing the amount of energy when the beams cross. | |||
Once these particles accelerate and hit the 99.999% speed of light, they hit a barrier, which is the threshold where they can’t travel any faster. However, they continue to be injected with energy in the form of Microwaves and Radiofrequency Energy. There are a couple of stages involved in this. It starts with Radiofrequency Energy pushing the particles and then using Microwave eEergy to accelerate them even further. Since they can’t travel any faster, they just keep pumping Microwave Energy, which then increases the mass 14,000 times prior to acceleration called the resting mass. | |||
These two streams of particles at a point collide head on, and when they do, it equivocates to about 25% of them hitting, where the streams cross. There are times it’s just glancing blows. But, once they collide, tremendous amounts of energies are produced due to the greater mass, which is the highest we have ever seen. | |||
==Background== | |||
The term CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory, which during 2013 had 2,513 staff members, and hosted some 12,313 fellows, associates, apprentices as well as visiting scientists and engineers representing 608 universities and research facilities and 113 nationalities. CERN's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research – as a result, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN as a result of international collaborations. | |||
CERN is also the place the World Wide Web was first implemented. The main site at Meyrin has a large computer facility containing powerful data processing facilities, primarily for experimental-data analysis; because of the need to make these facilities available to researchers elsewhere, it has historically been a major wide area networking hub. <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN CERN]</ref> | CERN is also the place the World Wide Web was first implemented. The main site at Meyrin has a large computer facility containing powerful data processing facilities, primarily for experimental-data analysis; because of the need to make these facilities available to researchers elsewhere, it has historically been a major wide area networking hub. <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN CERN]</ref> | ||