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Reasoning: Difference between revisions
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==Reason== | ==Reason== | ||
Reason is the capacity of consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and adapting or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information. It is closely associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans. Reason, or an aspect of it, is sometimes referred to as rationality. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason Reason]</ref> | Reason is the capacity of consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and adapting or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information. It is closely associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans. Reason, or an aspect of it, is sometimes referred to as rationality. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason Reason]</ref> | ||
==Inductive Reasoning== | |||
[[Inductive Reasoning]] is a method of reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying some evidence for the truth of the conclusion; this is in contrast to [[Deductive Reasoning]]. While the conclusion of a deductive argument is certain, the truth of the conclusion of an inductive argument may be probable, based upon the evidence given.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning Inductive reasoning]</ref> | |||
==Deductive Reasoning== | |||
Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, is the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion. | |||
[[Deductive Reasoning]] goes in the same direction as that of the conditionals, and links premises with conclusions. If all premises are true, the terms are clear, and the rules of deductive logic are followed, then the conclusion reached is necessarily true. | |||
Deductive reasoning ("top-down logic") contrasts with inductive reasoning ("bottom-up logic") in the following way; in deductive reasoning, a conclusion is reached reductively by applying general rules which hold over the entirety of a closed domain of discourse, narrowing the range under consideration until only the conclusion(s) is left. In inductive reasoning, the conclusion is reached by generalizing or extrapolating from specific cases to general rules.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning Deductive reasoning]</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||